The Keyboard.h library file is imported in the Keyboard.c file and includes a set of additional libraries and defines the constants and functions for the keyboard device. These include the additional libraries for the joystick, button, and LEDs which should be commented out as the project is not using these HID features. So open Keyboard.h and make the following changes -:<\/span><\/p>\n\u2022 Comment the #include library statements for Joystick.h, LEDS.h, and Buttons.h ( We are commenting these libraries as we are not using any joystick, buttons board and LED board).<\/p>\n
\u2022 Comment the #define statements for LEDMASK_USB_NOTREADY, LEDMASK_USB_ENUMERATING, LEDMASK_USB_READY, LEDMASK_USB_ERROR.<\/p>\n
Save the file with changes.<\/p>\n
Modifying Keyboard.C file<\/u><\/h4>\n
Again in the Keyboard.c, the code sections for Joystick, button board and LEDs need to be commented out. \u00a0So open Keyboard.c and make the following changes – :<\/span><\/p>\n\u2022 In the main loop, comment the LEDs_SetAllLEDs()<\/span><\/p>\n\u2022 In SetupHardware() function, comment the Joystick_Init(), LEDs_Init(), Buttons_Init()<\/p>\n
\u2022 In EVENT_USB_Device_Connect() function, comment the LEDs_SetAllLEDs()<\/p>\n
\u2022 In EVENT_USB_Device_Disconnect() function, comment LEDs_SetAllLEDs()<\/p>\n
\u2022 In EVENT_USB_Device_ConfigurationChanged() function, comment the LEDs_SetAllLEDs()<\/p>\n
In Keyboard.c the main() function executes the functioning of the Keyboard. Inside the main function Port B where the tactile switches have been connected needs to be defined as input and all the pins of port B has to be raised to HIGH logic by default as the microcontroller will need to detect LOW logic for input from tactile switches. Similarly Port D where Capslock LED is connected has to be made output port and has to be raised to LOW logic by default, so add the following statements in the beginning of main() function -:<\/p>\n
\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 int main(void)<\/div>\n
{<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 SetupHardware();<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 DDRD = 0XFF;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 DDRB = 0X00;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PORTB = 0XFF;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PORTD = 0X00;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_NOTREADY);<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 GlobalInterruptEnable();<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 for (;;)<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 {<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 HID_Device_USBTask(&Keyboard_HID_Interface);<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 USB_USBTask();<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<\/div>\n
}<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Inside the infinite, for loop, the HID_Device_USBTask() function is called where Keyboard_HID_Interface interface is passed as parameter. The interface identifies the device as keyboard and abstracts the low-level program code specific to keyboard HID class. The function is coming from the HIDClassDevice.c module (located in LUFA\/Drivers\/USB\/Class\/Device\/HIDClassDevice.c) and is used for general management task for a given HID class interface, required for the correct operation of the interface. It should be called in the main program loop, before the master USB management task USB_USBTask(). The \u00a0USB_USBTask() is the main USB management task. The USB driver requires this task to be executed continuously when the USB system is active (device attached in host mode, or attached to a host in device mode) in order to manage USB communications. The function is defined in USBTask.c (Located in LUFA-Source-FolderLUFADriversUSBCore folder).<\/p>\n
For creating Keyboard Data Input report CALLBACK_HID_Device_CreateHIDReport() needs to be modified. The default file has the function body to detect joystick movement as well.<\/p>\n
![\"Screenshot](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-CALLBACK-HID-Device-CreateHIDReport-Function-LUFA-Library.png\" "\\"Screenshot")
<\/p>\n
Fig. 12:\u00a0Screenshot of LUFA Library Folder on Windows<\/em><\/p>\nThis keyboard project is using tactile switches to get keycodes. Therefore, LOW bit at each button is detected and the corresponding keycode is sent via data input report for the keyboard. So replace the body of the function with the following code -:<\/p>\n
bool<\/div>\n
CALLBACK_HID_Device_CreateHIDReport(USB_ClassInfo_HID_Device_t* const HIDInterfaceInfo,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0uint8_t* const ReportID,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0const uint8_t ReportType,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0void* ReportData,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0uint16_t* const ReportSize)<\/div>\n
{<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0USB_KeyboardReport_Data_t* KeyboardReport = (USB_KeyboardReport_Data_t*)ReportData;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0uint8_t UsedKeyCodes = 0;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if(!(PINB & _BV(PB4))) {<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ add keycode for \u2018h\u2019 alphabet in the report<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 KeyboardReport->KeyCode[UsedKeyCodes++] = HID_KEYBOARD_SC_H;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 if(!(PINB& _BV(PB5))) {<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ add keycode for \u2018i\u2019 alphabet in the report<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 KeyboardReport->KeyCode[UsedKeyCodes++] = HID_KEYBOARD_SC_I;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 if(!(PINB & _BV(PB6))) {<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ add keycode for Caps Lock in the report<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 KeyboardReport->KeyCode[UsedKeyCodes++] = HID_KEYBOARD_SC_CAPS_LOCK;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 if(!(PINB & _BV(PB2))) {<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ add keycode for modifier shift key in the report<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0KeyboardReport->Modifier = HID_KEYBOARD_MODIFIER_LEFTSHIFT;<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0*ReportSize = sizeof(USB_KeyboardReport_Data_t);<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 return false;<\/div>\n
}<\/div>\n
In the body BV() function is used to map the respective bit as a byte with only the respective bit changed in the returned byte.<\/p>\n
The Data Output Report is handled by the CALLBACK_HID_Device_ProcessHIDReport() function. In the unedited LUFA file, this function has statements to turn the LEDs associated with modifier keys ON or OFF and has the following body -:<\/p>\n
![\"Screenshot](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-CALLBACK-HID-Device-ProcessHIDReport-Function-LUFA-Library-1.png\" "\\"Screenshot")
<\/p>\n
Fig. 13:\u00a0Screenshot of CALLBACK_HID_Device_CreateHIDReport Function in LUFA Library<\/em><\/p>\nFirst, remove the statements that are not required. These statements are as follow -:<\/p>\n
\u2022 uint8_t \u00a0LEDMask \u00a0 = LEDS_NO_LEDS;<\/p>\n
\u2022 All if conditions and their statements<\/p>\n
\u2022 LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMask)<\/p>\n
Now add the statements given below to the function body -:<\/p>\n
void<\/p>\n
CALLBACK_HID_Device_ProcessHIDReport(USB_ClassInfo_HID_Device_t* const HIDInterfaceInfo,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 const uint8_t ReportID,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 const uint8_t ReportType,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 const void* ReportData,<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 const uint16_t ReportSize)<\/div>\n
{<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0uint8_t* LEDReport = (uint8_t*)ReportData;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if (*LEDReport & HID_KEYBOARD_LED_CAPSLOCK)<\/div>\n
{ \/\/ switch on the LED for Caps Lock<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0PORTD |= 0x02; \/\/ make PD1 high<\/div>\n
}<\/div>\n
else<\/div>\n
{ \/\/ switch off the LED<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0PORTD &= 0xfd; \/\/ make PD1 low<\/div>\n
}<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
}<\/div>\n
These statements check the status of CapsLock key as received from the host device and accordingly turns the LED connected at pin 1 of port D ON or OFF accordingly.<\/p>\n
Save the file and create Make file for the project.<\/p>\n
Modifying Make File<\/u><\/h4>\n
In the Keyboard folder, there is a make file that needs to be edited. The file can be edited using Notepad++. The following information needs to be edited -:<\/p>\n
\u2022 MCU = atmega32u4<\/p>\n
\u2022 ARCH = AVR8<\/p>\n
\u2022 BOARD = LEONARDO<\/p>\n
\u2022 F_CPU = 16000000<\/p>\n
Save the file and exit. Now all the files are edited completely for the basic HID Keyboard application.<\/p>\n
Compiling Keyboard.c<\/u><\/h4>\n
For compiling the source code, WinAVR Programmers Notepad or Arduino IDE can be used. Open the modified Keyboard.c file and compile the code.<\/span><\/p>\nBurning Hex code<\/span><\/u><\/h4>\nThe hex file is generated on compiling the keyboard.c file. For burning the object code to microcontroller open the Command Prompt, change the current directory to the directory containing the Hex file. This can be done using command: CD <address of the directory>. Now reset the Arduino and instantly run the command: : avrdude -v -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P COM20 -b 57600 -D -Uflash:w:Keyboard.hex:i after replacing the COM Port with the recognized one.<\/p>\n
If the uploading process is successful, the Arduino will be shown as HID Keyboard in the Device Manager. There is no need of installing any driver in the computer as Generic HID Keyboard is used for the project implementation. Use the buttons to test the project device working as generic USB Keyboard.<\/p>\n
In the next project – Custom Browser Keypad<\/strong>, learn how to make a keyboard to work specially with the desktop browser.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The Mouse and keyboard are most common computer peripherals. While mouse is a pointing device and helps in tapping the GUI elements of the screen, the keyboard has greater role to play with handling data input as well as has ability to navigate through GUI elements of a screen. Nowadays the keyboards interface with the computers through USB cable and use USB protocol to send data inputs to the computers. The wireless type keyboards generally use Bluetooth to send data inputs to the computers. In fact, wireless keyboards also use an external pluggable device which ultimately connects through the PC by USB Port. This project is to demonstrate the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard. The 8-bit USB AVR – Atmega 32u4 is used as the device controller chip in the project. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":311,"featured_media":55458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":{"2":"type-post","8":"entry","9":"has-post-thumbnail"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This project demonstrates the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard and uses 8-bit USB AVR as device controller.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This project demonstrates the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard and uses 8-bit USB AVR as device controller.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Engineers Garage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engineersgarage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"338\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amanpreet Singh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@EngineersGarage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@EngineersGarage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amanpreet Singh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amanpreet Singh\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/526929dd58916ffb049da3e9adae8ead\"},\"headline\":\"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T06:40:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T10:46:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\"},\"wordCount\":3410,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Electronic Projects\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\",\"name\":\"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T06:40:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T10:46:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"This project demonstrates the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard and uses 8-bit USB AVR as device controller.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":338,\"caption\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/\",\"name\":\"Engineers Garage\",\"description\":\"Electronic Projects, Electrical Engineering Resources, Makers Articles and Product News\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Engineer's Garage - WTWH Media\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/EGlogo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/EGlogo.png\",\"width\":372,\"height\":52,\"caption\":\"Engineer's Garage - WTWH Media\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engineersgarage\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/EngineersGarage\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC0VITh11JSYk-UW7toLebUw\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/526929dd58916ffb049da3e9adae8ead\",\"name\":\"Amanpreet Singh\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ae10b6a902c38b371923411a43a9bfe57a88c4fdcc00744c0ece299e5401ae17?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ae10b6a902c38b371923411a43a9bfe57a88c4fdcc00744c0ece299e5401ae17?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Amanpreet Singh\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/author\/asingh\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)","description":"This project demonstrates the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard and uses 8-bit USB AVR as device controller.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)","og_description":"This project demonstrates the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard and uses 8-bit USB AVR as device controller.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/","og_site_name":"Engineers Garage","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engineersgarage","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":338,"url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Amanpreet Singh","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@EngineersGarage","twitter_site":"@EngineersGarage","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Amanpreet Singh","Est. reading time":"18 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/"},"author":{"name":"Amanpreet Singh","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/526929dd58916ffb049da3e9adae8ead"},"headline":"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)","datePublished":"2024-11-21T06:40:17+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-21T10:46:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/"},"wordCount":3410,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","articleSection":["Electronic Projects"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/","url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/","name":"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-21T06:40:17+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-21T10:46:39+00:00","description":"This project demonstrates the basic functioning and working of a generic USB keyboard and uses 8-bit USB AVR as device controller.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","width":600,"height":338,"caption":""},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/atmega-32u4-based-generic-usb-keyboard-part-2-25\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Atmega 32u4 Based Generic USB Keyboard (Part 2\/25)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/","name":"Engineers Garage","description":"Electronic Projects, Electrical Engineering Resources, Makers Articles and Product News","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#organization","name":"Engineer's Garage - WTWH Media","url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/EGlogo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/EGlogo.png","width":372,"height":52,"caption":"Engineer's Garage - WTWH Media"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engineersgarage","https:\/\/x.com\/EngineersGarage","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC0VITh11JSYk-UW7toLebUw"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/526929dd58916ffb049da3e9adae8ead","name":"Amanpreet Singh","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ae10b6a902c38b371923411a43a9bfe57a88c4fdcc00744c0ece299e5401ae17?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ae10b6a902c38b371923411a43a9bfe57a88c4fdcc00744c0ece299e5401ae17?s=96&r=g","caption":"Amanpreet Singh"},"url":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/author\/asingh\/"}]}},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Amanpreet Singh","author_link":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/author\/asingh\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/311"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13395\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"Prototype](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.jpg\" "\\"Prototype")
<\/p>\n![\"Image](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Image-Showing-Alphabet-h-Typed-Arduino-Based-Generic-USB-Keyboard.jpg\" "\\"Image")
<\/p>\n![\"Block](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Block-Diagram-Arduino-Based-DIY-USB-Keyboard-.png\" "\\"Block")
<\/p>\n![\"Table](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Table-Listing-Arduino-Pins-Respective-Keyboard-Functions.png\" "\\"Table")
<\/p>\n![\"Image](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Image-Showing-Capital-i-Typed-Arduino-Based-Generic-USB-Keyboard.jpg\" "\\"Image")
<\/p>\n![\"Table](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Table-Listing-Field-Values-Usage-Report-Descriptor-HID-DESCRIPTOR-KEYBOARD-Function.jpg\" "\\"Table")
<\/span><\/p>\n![\"Screenshot](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-Field-Values-Usage-Report-Descriptor-HID-DESCRIPTOR-KEYBOARD-Function.png\" "\\"Screenshot")
<\/p>\n![\"Screenshot](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-Data-Input-Report-HIDClassCommon.h-LUFA-Library.png\" "\\"Screenshot")
<\/span><\/p>\n![\"Table](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Table-Listing-Field-Values-Specific-Data-Report-Keyboard.png\" "\\"Table")
<\/span><\/p>\n![\"Screenshot](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-Data-Output-Report-HIDClassCommon.h-LUFA-Library.png\" "\\"Screenshot")
<\/p>\n![\"Screenshot](\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-LUFA-Library-Folder-Windows.png\" "\\"Screenshot")
<\/span><\/p>\n