{"id":14309,"date":"2025-05-20T07:39:21","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T11:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/engineersgarag-main\/designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9\/"},"modified":"2025-05-21T02:13:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T06:13:33","slug":"designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Designing a 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier &#8211; 5\/9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In the previous tutorial, a Bass Boost Power Amplifier was designed. Now it&#8217;s time to start designing power amplifiers suitable for specific applications. In this tutorial, a car audio amplifier will be designed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The cars have been coming with inbuilt audio systems <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">from<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> years. An audio system of a car is one of the important features that shines as <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">unique selling point<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> (USP) for any car in the market. The audio systems have become a vital accessory for any car. Even many times consumers replace the default audio systems came in their car with new one for better driving experience.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Any car audio system has the following basic components &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">1) Head Unit<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">2) Amplifier<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">3) Speakers<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The head unit is the heart of the car audio system. The head unit provides the audio signals (to be reconstructed as sound) from cassettes, CD players, satellite radio, internet radio, USB drive or <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">other source<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> of audio. Nowadays, head units in <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">high end<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> cars also come with <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">video feature<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">. Such head units have display source hooked with the head unit, so a video from a CD, DVD or USB drive can be played on it. Even the head units are nowadays equipped with automated voice <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">assist<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> for the driver.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The audio signals from the head unit are weakened due to resistive nature of the connecting wires. So, a power amplifier is required at the output stage of the head units to boost signals so that they could reach to the speakers without significant losses. Generally, due to size constraint in the car, the amplifiers are combined with the head unit only. So, there are inbuilt amplifiers in the head unit itself. It is also possible to connect external amplifiers with the head unit to further boost the sound quality.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">With speakers, the audio system of a car is completed. There are three or four speakers in a car placed at different interior positions. The speakers take the audio signals from the amplifier and reproduce the sound. A car requires high power amplifier as the sound needs to be louder in it. Generally, 10 Watt amplifiers are standard and sound pretty loud. For a descent sound quality, 6 Watt amplifier is sufficient.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In this tutorial, a 6 Watt car audio amplifier is designed using TDA2003 IC. TDA2003 is a 10 Watt Car Radio Power Amplifier. This IC can sustain a peak voltage up to 40 V and has output current capability up to 3.5 A. The IC can be operated by supplying a voltage between 8 V and 18 V. The audio amplifier designed in this tutorial is also a power amplifier. On the basis of application, the audio amplifiers can be categorized into two classes &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">1) Pre-Amplifier<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">2) Power Amplifier<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The pre-amplifiers are used to level up the audio signals from a microphone or audio source to standard voltage levels while the power amplifiers are generally used at the output stage of the audio systems to boost audio signals before they are reproduced by the speakers.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In the introductory article of this series, various design parameters of the audio amplifier circuits were discussed like Gain, Volume, Skew Rate, Linearity, Bandwidth, Clipping effect, Stability, Efficiency, SNR, Output power, THD and loop grounding. This amplifier circuit will be designed considering the following design parameters &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Gain (Voltage) &#8211; 34 dB\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Bandwidth &#8211; 40 Hz to 15 KHz<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Output Power &#8211; 6 W<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The amplifier will be designed to supply audio to a 10 Watt speaker having an impedance of 4 ohms. The circuit will have the following additional features &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">&#8211; No Clipping Effect<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">&#8211; Volume Control<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The designing of the circuit will be followed by testing of the circuit for the verification of the intended design factors.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Components Required &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"List of Components required for 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/List-Components-required-6-Watt-Car-Audio-Amplifier.png\" alt=\"List of Components required for 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 1:\u00a0List of components required for 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Block Diagram &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Block Diagram of Car Audio Amplifier \" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Block-Diagram-Car-Audio-Amplifier.png\" alt=\"Block Diagram of Car Audio Amplifier \" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 2:\u00a0Block Diagram of Car Audio Amplifier\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 12.8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Circuit Connections &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The amplifier circuit is built by assembling the following components together\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">1) DC Source \u2013 A battery of 12V rating is used to power the circuit. This DC source also provides the bias voltage to the amplifier.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">2) Audio Source &#8211; The audio input is provided from a smart phone. For receiving audio from the smart phone, an audio jack of 3.5 mm is plugged into the phone. The 3.5 mm audio jack has three wires &#8211; one for ground and two wires for left and right channel. As the amplifier is designed for single channel, only one of the channel wires will be connected to the amplifier as audio input. The ground wire of the jack will be connected to the common ground of the circuit.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Typical Image of 3.5 mm Audio Jack\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Typical-Image-3.5-mm-Audio-Jack.png\" alt=\"Typical Image of 3.5 mm Audio Jack\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 3:\u00a0Typical Image of 3.5 mm Audio Jack<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">3) TDA2003 &#8211; TDA2003 is a monolithic audio power amplifier, so all the components of the amplifier circuit are integrated on the chip itself. This IC can sustain a peak voltage up to 40 V and has output current capability up to 3.5 A. The IC can be operated by supplying a voltage between 8 V and 18 V.\u00a0 The IC has the following pin configuration &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Table Listing Pin Configuration of TDA2003 IC\" src=\"\/sites\/default\/files\/newinline\/Table-Listing-Pin-Configuration-TDA2003-IC.png\" alt=\"Table Listing Pin Configuration of TDA2003 IC\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Fig. 4:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.8px;\">Table listing pin configuration of TDA2003 IC<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The TDA2003 has the following pin diagram &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><strong><em><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Pin Diagram of TDA2003 IC\" src=\"\/sites\/default\/files\/newinline\/Pin-Diagram-TDA2003-IC.png\" alt=\"Pin Diagram of TDA2003 IC\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u00a0Fig. 5:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.8px;\">Pin Diagram of TDA2003 IC<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">The TDA2003 has the following internal circuitry &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Internal Circuit Diagram of TDA2003 IC\" src=\"\/sites\/default\/files\/newinline\/Internal-Circuit-Diagram-TDA2003-IC.png\" alt=\"Internal Circuit Diagram of TDA2003 IC\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 6:\u00a0Internal Circuit Diagram of TDA2003 IC<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">TDA2003 is basically an operational amplifier with high power output. It can be used a power amplifier for car audio systems. The car audio amplifier designed in this tutorial using TDA2003 has a non-inverting configuration as the audio input is provided at the non-inverting input pin of the IC. This IC can output a power from 6 Watts to 12 Watts. If more power is tried to be drawn from the amplifier (beyond its specifications), the output voltage (amplitude of the audio signal) can start clipping. The clipping effect can severely damage the load which is the speaker in this case.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Typical Image of TDA2003 Car Audio Amplifier IC\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Typical-Image-TDA2003-Car-Audio-Amplifier-IC.png\" alt=\"Typical Image of TDA2003 Car Audio Amplifier IC\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 7:\u00a0Typical Image of TDA2003 Car Audio Amplifier IC<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">According to the datasheet of the TDA2003, the output power of this amplifier depends on the impedance of the load. The IC has the following power outputs at 40 dB for different load impedances at the output &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Table showing Dependance of Power Output of TDA2003 on Load Impedance\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Table-showing-Dependance-Power-Output-TDA2003-Load-Impedance.png\" alt=\"Table showing Dependance of Power Output of TDA2003 on Load Impedance\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 8:\u00a0Table showing dependance of power output of TDA2003 on Load Impedance<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">So, higher is the load impedance, lower is the power output of the IC. In this amplifier design a 10 Watt 4 ohms speaker is used, so the power output should be ideally 6 Watt.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">This IC can withstand a permanent short circuit of 16 V. The IC not only has short circuit protection from both AC and DC voltage, it is also immune to polarity inversion having a surge current up to 5 A. It has internal diodes for protection from open ground and load inductance.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The circuit diagram for this amplifier is typical application circuit as given in the datasheet. The typical application has additional components for different purposes. In the circuit, a smoothing capacitor (Shown as C1 in the circuit diagram) of 10 uF is connected at the non-inverting input pin at which the audio input is provided to block any DC component from input to the circuit. Another capacitor (Shown as C2 in the circuit diagram) of 470 uF is connected at inverting input pin for ripple rejection. There are capacitors (Shown as C3 and C4 in the circuit diagram) of 100 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">uF<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> and 0.1 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">uF<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> for filtering the input supply voltage. The high value capacitor C3 is connected to bypass high frequency signals while low value capacitor C4 is connected to bypass low frequency signals.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">An RC circuit (Shown as C5 and R1 in the circuit diagram) is connected at the output pin of the IC to set the upper cut off frequency. A capacitor (Shown as C6 in the circuit diagram) of 1000 uF is connected at the output pin to block any DC component from the amplifier to the speakers. It also sets the lower cutoff frequency. The higher is the value of this capacitor, lower is the cutoff frequency and vice-versa. The cutoff frequency is inversely proportional to the capacitor value.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Another RC circuit (Shown as C7 and R4 in the circuit diagram) is connected <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">at<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> the output to stabilize the output frequency. The capacitor of 0.1 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">uF<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> and resistor of 1 ohms or less is recommended for this RC circuit for frequency stabilization. On using a resistor having value greater than 1 ohms in this RC circuit may result <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">into<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> oscillations\/distortion at high frequency. So, the recommended value of resistor and capacitor are used in the circuit. All the components are grounded in <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">star topology<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> to avoid any distortions in the audio signal due to loop grounding.\u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For volume control, a variable resistor (Shown as RV1 in the circuit diagram) at the input of the non-inverting pin is used. This variable resistor can be adjusted to change the amplitude (voltage level) of this input signal which in turns controls the amplitude (loudness) of the output signal.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">4) Speakers &#8211; A speaker of 10 Watt power <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">rating\u00a0 and<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> 4 ohms impedance is used as <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">load<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> at the output of the amplifier. The speaker is connected <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">at<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> pin 4 of the IC which is the output pin of the TDA2003 and the ground wire of the speaker is connected to the common ground. The 10 Watt speaker instead of 6 Watt is used as per the availability.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Typical Image of 10 Watt 4 Ohms Speaker\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Typical-Image-10-Watt-4-Ohms-Speaker.png\" alt=\"Typical Image of 10 Watt 4 Ohms Speaker\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 9:\u00a0Typical Image of 10 Watt 4 Ohms Speaker<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">The following precautions must be taken care while assembling the circuit &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">1. Always place the components as close as possible to reduce the noise in the circuit.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Follow star topology when grounding, this will keep the noise low.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">2. Use the capacitor of high voltage rating than the input signal.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">3. Always use the filtering capacitor at the input terminal of power supply to avoid the unwanted ripples.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">4. Use speaker of equivalent or high power rating as amplifier output power.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">5. Always use a series capacitor at the output of amplifier to block any DC component.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">6. Always calculate the maximum power rating of the amplifier before connecting it to the speaker. The practical value may differ from the theoretical one.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">7. Avoid clipping of the output signal as it may damage the speakers.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">8. It is recommended to use a heat sink with the IC to provide cooling as the output power is high and this may heat up the IC.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Prototype of 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier \" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prototype-6-Watt-Car-Audio-Amplifier.jpg\" alt=\"Prototype of 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier \" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 10:\u00a0Prototype of 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">How the circuit works &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The typical application circuit of the TDA2003 as per given in its datasheet is used for this amplifier. According to the datasheet, the open loop gain of the IC when there is no feedback from output to the input is 80 dB while the closed loop gain when there is a feedback from output to the input is 40 dB. The voltage gain of the amplifier can be set by the resistive divider network (Shown as R2 and R3 in the circuit diagram) at the output pin of the IC. As per the datasheet, for a 4 ohms load at the output, the IC delivers 6 Watt power.\u00a0 So, for a load of 4 ohms and output power of 6 Watt, the maximum output voltage without clipping effect can be calculated as follow &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">P = V2(p-p)\/2R<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Where,\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Output Power, P = 6 W<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Load resistance, R = 4 ohms<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The peak to peak voltage at output is then as follow &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">P = V2(<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">peak- peak<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">)\/2R<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">6 = V2(<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">peak- peak<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">)\/(2*4)<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Vp-p = 6.9 V<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The maximum gain for a peak to peak voltage of 6.9 V is as follow &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Gain = Vout\/ Vin<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Considering, Vin (Input voltage) = 200 mV<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Gain = 6.9\/200<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Gain = 34 (approx.)<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For setting gain through resistors R2 and R3, the non-inverting OPAM gain equation for calculating the gain can be used. It is as follow &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Gain = (R2\/R3) + 1<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Assuming R2 = 220 ohms<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">34 = (220\/R3) + 1<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">R3 = 7 ohms (approx.)<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">So, if R2 is assumed to be 220 ohms, the R3 should be 7 ohms for the desired voltage gain.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In the circuit, capacitor C5 and resistor R1 are used to set the upper cutoff frequency. The recommended value for this capacitor is 39 nF for which a capacitor of 33 nF is used as per the availability.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The value of the resistor R1 can be calculated as follow &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">R1 = 20*R3<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">R1 = 20*7<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">R1 = 140 ohms<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The value of the capacitor C5 can be calculated as follow &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">C5 = 1\/(2*Pi*B*R1)<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Where, B is the frequency response. Every system respond differently to\u00a0 different frequency. Some system amplifies frequency of certain range and attenuate the other ones. So the way any system output is related to the input signal at a different frequency is defined as Frequency Response of that system. In the datasheet of TDA2003, following frequency response graph between value of the capacitor C5 and frequency response B is given as follow &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Graph showing Frequency Response Curve of TDA2003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Graph-showing-Frequency-Response-Curve-TDA2003.png\" alt=\"Graph showing Frequency Response Curve of TDA2003\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 11:\u00a0Graph showing Frequency Response Curve of TDA2003<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">As per the availability, a capacitor of 33 nF is used for C5 and a resistor of 150 ohms is used for R1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The power output of this amplifier should be 6 Watt <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">for<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> 4 ohms load.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Testing the circuit &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For the testing of the amplifier circuit, the function generator is used as the input source. The function generator is used to generate a sine wave of constant amplitude and frequency. Any audio signal is also basically a sine wave so a function generator can be used instead of using a microphone or actual audio source. So, the function generator can be used as input source for testing the audio amplifier circuit. During testing, at the output also, a speaker is not used as a load as the speaker is resistive as well as inductive. At different frequencies, its inductance changes which in turn changes the impedance (R and L combination) of the speaker. So, the use of a speaker as load at the output of the amplifier for deriving its specifications may give false or non-standard results. In place of speaker, a dummy load which is purely resistive is used. As resistance does not change with frequency so it can be considered a reliable load independent of the frequency of the input audio signal.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Ideally, the power output of this amplifier should be 6 Watt. The load <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">however<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> had an impedance of 4.7 ohms instead of 4 ohms. So, practically, the following observations were noted &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"Table Listing Output Characterstics of 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Table-Listing-Output-Characterstics-6-Watt-Car-Audio-Amplifier.png\" alt=\"Table Listing Output Characterstics of 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;\"><em>Fig. 12:\u00a0Table listing output characterstics of 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">So, the output power <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">of<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> amplifier was approximately 5.75 Watt instead of 6 Watt. This is a tolerable loss <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">in<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> power, so the amplifier circuit is successfully working. This amplifier circuit is operating at a voltage of 12 V and has features like Polarity Inversion, Thermal Shutdown <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> Short Circuit Protection.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In the next tutorial, an amplifier circuit for regular headphones will be designed. <\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the previous tutorial, a Bass Boost Power Amplifier was designed. Now it&#8217;s time to start designing power amplifiers suitable for specific applications. In this tutorial, a car audio amplifier will be designed.&nbsp;The cars have been coming with inbuilt audio systems from years. An audio system of a car is one of the important features that shines as unique selling point (USP) for any car in the market. The audio systems have become a vital accessory for any car. Even many times consumers replace the default audio systems came in their car with new one for better driving experience.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":335,"featured_media":63936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3971,9],"tags":[],"class_list":{"2":"type-post","9":"entry","10":"has-post-thumbnail"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.2 (Yoast SEO v25.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Designing a 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier - 5\/9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A 6 Watt car audio amplifier is designed using TDA2003 IC that can sustain a peak voltage up to 40 V with output current up to 3.5 A.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Designing a 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier - 5\/9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A 6 Watt car audio amplifier is designed using TDA2003 IC that can sustain a peak voltage up to 40 V with output current up to 3.5 A.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Engineers Garage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engineersgarage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Typical-Image-10-Watt-4-Ohms-Speaker.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"256\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"306\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Diksha\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@EngineersGarage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@EngineersGarage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Diksha\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/designing-a-6-watt-car-audio-amplifier-5-9\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Diksha\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e8b93382a9bec0e1de5d1d587c833cbf\"},\"headline\":\"Designing a 6 Watt Car Audio Amplifier &#8211; 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