{"id":79802,"date":"2024-09-22T23:55:43","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T03:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/?p=79802"},"modified":"2024-09-23T10:18:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T14:18:24","slug":"how-to-design-a-lab-power-supply-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/how-to-design-a-lab-power-supply-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"How to design a lab power supply at home"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">he voltage requirements for different circuits vary much like microcontroller-based circuits require 5 V, motor controller or relay driver circuit requires 12 V, and other digital circuits require 3.3 V.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">If a circuit fails to receive its rated voltage and current, it will not work properly. So, it often makes sense to use a variable power supply.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In this circuit, we\u2019ll design a lab power supply to provide voltage and current requirements for testing various circuits and devices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Here are the lab&#8217;s essentials:<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"><strong>1.<\/strong> Must provide a regulated output<br \/>\n<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"><strong>2.<\/strong> Must supply the required current to the circuit under test<br \/>\n<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"><strong>3.<\/strong> Its output voltage must be adjustable to the required voltage<br \/>\n<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"><strong>4.<\/strong> It should have a digital display for voltage and current<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Several lab power supplies are available to meet all the above requirements, but they&#8217;re typically quite costly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Other problems include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BIG in size<\/li>\n<li>Bulky and heavy<\/li>\n<li>Not portable<\/li>\n<li>Occupies a lot of space<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unfortunately, most electronics hobbyists, teachers, or students cannot afford such power supplies in their home or laboratory. But we have a solution.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s build a compact, portable lab power supply with all of the essential features.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specifications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> Regulated output voltage with voltage regulator chips LM317 and LM7805<br \/>\n<strong>2.<\/strong> Adjustable output voltage: 1.25\u00a0 to 23 V<br \/>\n<strong>3.<\/strong> Maximum output current 2 A<br \/>\n<strong>4.<\/strong> Linear and precise output voltage<br \/>\n<strong>5.<\/strong> Digital display for voltage and current<br \/>\n<strong>6.<\/strong> Dual supply (1) variable supply: 1.2 \u2013 23V (2) fixed supply: 5 V<br \/>\n<strong>7.<\/strong> Compact and lightweight design<br \/>\n<strong>8.<\/strong> Portable and occupies little space<br \/>\n<strong>9.<\/strong> Total cost around 425 \/- Rs<\/p>\n<p>This power supply uses the popular voltage regulator IC LM317. It has a simple circuit and is easy to build. It also has a digital VA meter that displays the output voltage and current. Let\u2019s get started.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Circuit diagram<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79804\" style=\"width: 765px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79804\" class=\" wp-image-79804\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit-300x146.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"755\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit-1024x498.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit-768x374.png 768w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit-368x179.png 368w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/circuit.png 1377w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-79804\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Circuit diagram of the lab power supply using IC LM317 and LM7805.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">As shown in the above diagram, the circuit uses voltage regulator chips LM317 and LM7805, as well as a few additional components such as a bridge rectifier, capacitors, resistors, and potentiometer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Circuit connections<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The primary of transformer T1 is connects with 230 V of AC input<\/li>\n<li>Its secondary connects with the AC input terminals of the bridge rectifier<\/li>\n<li>The bridge rectifier&#8217;s output is given as input to both ICs LM317 and LM7805<\/li>\n<li>One 5 K pot connects to the adjustment input of the LM317 IC<\/li>\n<li>LM7805&#8217;s 5 V output connects with the output socket and to the VCC supply of the digital VA meter<\/li>\n<li>The variable output of LM317 also connects to the output socket and provides a signal input of digital VA meter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Circuit operation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T1 is 12-0-12 @ 2A transformer, which steps down the 230 V AC input to 24 V AC, providing it as input to the bridge rectifier D1<\/li>\n<li>The bridge rectifier gives rectified output that&#8217;s filtered to the pulsating DC via the capacitors C1 and C2 4. This output is provided as an input to both voltage regulator ICs<\/li>\n<li>The LM7805 generates regulated 5 V of output, which is used as supply voltage to the digital VA meter<\/li>\n<li>The 5 V output is also taken out from external connector so that it can be used for the external circuit<\/li>\n<li>The LM317 generates a variable output voltage from 1.2 to 23 V as the potentiometer varies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The equation for output voltage of LM317 is:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vout = 1.25 (1 + R2\/R1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here&#8230; R2 = 5 K pot and R1 = 220 ohm<br \/>\nSo, when R2 = 0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vout = 1.25 (1 + 0) = 1.25 V<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And when R2 = 5000<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vout = 1.25 (1 + 5000\/220) = 30 V*<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*Note: the maximum output will be 23 \u2013 24 V because the AC input is 24 V<\/p>\n<p>This output is given as signal input (the yellow wire) to the digital VA meter. The varying output voltage is displayed on meter. Also, the variable output voltage is connected to external connector.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Circuit assembly and housing<br \/>\n<\/strong>The complete circuit and a transformer are housed in a specially designed MDF box as shown below.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79803\" style=\"width: 565px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79803\" class=\" wp-image-79803\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-300x294.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-300x294.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-1024x1003.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-768x752.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-1536x1504.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-2048x2006.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-1-243x238.jpeg 243w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-79803\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prototype of the complete circuit and transformer designed in the MDF box.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_79805\" style=\"width: 559px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-scaled.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79805\" class=\" wp-image-79805\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-217x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"549\" height=\"759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-217x300.jpeg 217w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-741x1024.jpeg 741w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-768x1061.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-1111x1536.jpeg 1111w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-1482x2048.jpeg 1482w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-172x238.jpeg 172w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-2-scaled.jpeg 1852w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-79805\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The open MDF box with the different components.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The digital display, potentiometer, and output connector are fixed in the front panel as shown in the below image. There\u2019s also a power on-off switch on top.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79806\" style=\"width: 565px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79806\" class=\" wp-image-79806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-300x255.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-300x255.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-1024x871.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-768x653.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-1536x1306.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-2048x1741.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/power-supply-3-280x238.jpeg 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-79806\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The MDF box with the digital voltage ampere display, potentiometer knob, and switch.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s break down the costs. Here is the BOM (bill of materials)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Screenshot-2023-10-17-at-3.44.02-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-79807 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Screenshot-2023-10-17-at-3.44.02-PM-176x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Screenshot-2023-10-17-at-3.44.02-PM-176x300.png 176w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Screenshot-2023-10-17-at-3.44.02-PM-600x1024.png 600w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Screenshot-2023-10-17-at-3.44.02-PM-140x238.png 140w, https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Screenshot-2023-10-17-at-3.44.02-PM.png 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This simple lab power supply can be built at home for less than 500\/- R. Now, it&#8217;s your turn!<\/p>\n<p>Here is a YouTube video for a closer look at how to build this lab power supply at home:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"how to build LAB power supply at home\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/x-4iINEHpAs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The voltage requirements for different circuits vary much like microcontroller-based circuits require 5 V, motor controller or relay driver circuit requires 12 V, and other digital circuits require 3.3 V.\u00a0 If a circuit fails to receive its rated voltage and current, it will not work properly. So, it often makes sense to use a variable&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":81825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[4287,404,2671,4288],"class_list":{"2":"type-post","12":"entry","13":"has-post-thumbnail"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.2 (Yoast SEO v25.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to design a lab power supply at home<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this circuit, we\u2019ll design a lab power supply to provide voltage and current requirements for testing various circuits and devices.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/how-to-design-a-lab-power-supply-at-home\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to design a lab power supply at home\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this circuit, we\u2019ll design a lab power supply to provide voltage and current requirements for testing various circuits and devices.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineersgarage.com\/how-to-design-a-lab-power-supply-at-home\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Engineers Garage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engineersgarage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" 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